List of Horse Breeds

Dozens of different breeds of horses exist today, each with its own distinct traits and uses. Some types of horses are bred for show or racing, while other breeds are developed as work horses for tilling fields or hauling cargo. Certain breeds are more well known than others, thanks to their appearance in popular culture, presence on the racetrack or from being a common sight on the field or farm.

  1. Arabian

    • One of the oldest breeds in the world, Arabians were first bred by Bedouin nomads in Arabia. During the time of the Crusades, Arabian horses were introduced to Europe and bred with horses native to that region, resulting in an Arabian influence in many breeds. They were first brought to North America in 1795, and today most of the Arabian horses in the world live in the United States. Arabians are recognizable by their concave or "dished" profile, arched necks and large eyes.

    Clydesdale

    • Originating in Scotland's Clyde Valley, the Clydesdale is a fairly recently developed breed at only 150 years old. Clydesdales historically served as work horses in cities and towns because the breed's large feet would not fit into plow furrows, making them impractical for use in the field. Today the breed is perhaps best known for its use in advertising campaigns for the American brewery Anheuser Busch. Clydesdales are easily identifiable by the tuft of so-called "feathers," often white, that cover their large feet.

    Shetland Pony

    • The smallest horse native to Britain, the Shetland Pony originates from the Shetland Islands off the Scottish coast. People have used them for all types of equine tasks, including harness racing, riding and circus performing. In the 19th century, Shetlands commonly worked in coal mines due to their small size and sturdy build. Today, Shetlands more often serve as riding ponies for children. Shetland Pony horses come in a variety of colors and stand 28 inches to 46 inches high.

    Thoroughbred

    • The thoroughbred was created in the 17th century by breeding the Byerly Turk, Godolphin Arabian and Darley Arabian sires to native English breeds. With a top speed of more than 30 mph, the thoroughbred is often thought of as a racehorse, though people use it for other equine events as well, such as hunting and jumping. Thoroughbreds are solid colored horses with long bones and necks. The length of their necks, combined with the strength of their leg muscles, allow for their 20-foot long galloping stride.

    Morgan

    • Morgans today can all trace their ancestry to a single horse named Figure, who lived in the late 18th century. Figure was owned by Justin Morgan, the breed's namesake. Since the development of the breed, people have used Morgans to pull carriages, to plow fields and as Pony Express horses. Today, they use Morgans in competitive driving events, as well as in western and English equestrian disciplines. Morgans are muscular horses and are generally bay, black or chestnut.