Possible reasons:
* Dislike of the bit: If the horse is being ridden and exhibits this behavior, it could indicate he doesn't like the bit in his mouth. The licking might be an attempt to adjust the bit, while the headshake is a sign of discomfort.
* Taste: The horse might be licking his lips due to a bad taste, perhaps from a bit that is rusty, dirty, or needs adjusting.
* Pain: It's possible the horse is experiencing pain in his mouth, teeth, or tongue. This could be due to dental issues, ulcers, or even a sharp bit.
* Stress or Anxiety: The horse might be experiencing stress or anxiety due to various factors, such as a new environment, loud noises, or even an unfamiliar person.
* Trying to remove something: The licking and headshake could be an attempt to remove a fly, a piece of food, or something else that's bothering him.
* Boredom or frustration: If the horse is being ridden, he might be bored or frustrated with the lack of stimulation.
Observing other signs:
To understand what the horse is trying to communicate, it's important to observe other body language cues:
* Ear position: Ears laid back or pinned back usually indicate discomfort or anxiety.
* Tail swishing: A swishing tail can indicate annoyance, irritation, or discomfort.
* Eye contact: Averted eye contact can suggest fear or anxiety.
* Overall demeanor: Is the horse tense, relaxed, or agitated?
Action:
If you observe a horse licking his lips and shaking his head, it's important to investigate the cause.
* Check for any obvious irritants: Flies, food, or a loose bit.
* Consider the horse's history: Has he had dental problems in the past?
* If the horse is being ridden, consider adjusting the bit: Try a different bit or adjust the current one.
* If the horse is being ridden, try to identify the source of stress or anxiety: Is it the environment, the rider, or the activity?
It's best to consult a veterinarian or a qualified equine professional if you're concerned about your horse's behavior.