What it is:
* Decomposed horse manure: The raw manure has been broken down by microorganisms (like bacteria and fungi) under controlled conditions (usually in a pile or bin). This breakdown converts harmful pathogens and weed seeds into harmless material.
* Dark, crumbly texture: It should have a pleasant, earthy smell, unlike the pungent odor of fresh manure.
* Nutrient-rich: It contains essential nutrients for plant growth, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements.
What it's not:
* Fresh manure: This is raw, uncomposted manure that is high in nitrogen, can burn plants, and contains harmful pathogens.
* Manure tea: This is a liquid fertilizer made by steeping manure in water. It is not a solid soil amendment.
Here's a breakdown of the composting process:
1. Collection: Horse manure is collected and stored in a designated composting area.
2. Layering: The manure is layered with other organic materials like straw, leaves, or wood chips to improve aeration and provide additional nutrients.
3. Decomposition: Microorganisms break down the organic materials, releasing heat and generating compost.
4. Turning: The compost pile is regularly turned to ensure proper aeration and moisture levels.
5. Maturity: After several weeks or months (depending on the composting method), the manure reaches maturity and becomes stable, ready to be used as a soil amendment.
Benefits of using composted horse manure:
* Improves soil structure: It adds organic matter, which improves drainage, aeration, and water retention.
* Provides nutrients: It releases nutrients gradually, making them readily available to plants.
* Enhances soil life: It creates a beneficial environment for earthworms and other beneficial microorganisms.
* Suppresses weeds: It helps to control weed growth by increasing competition for resources.
Overall, composted horse manure is a valuable and natural resource for gardeners and farmers. It can significantly improve soil health and enhance plant growth.