* Lower Elevations: They can live in low-lying areas like desert scrublands, foothills, and even grasslands, often near water sources.
* Mid-Elevations: They are most commonly found in mountainous regions at elevations between 5,000 and 10,000 feet, where there's a good balance of food, water, and cover.
* Higher Elevations: Some populations can be found at even higher elevations, sometimes exceeding 12,000 feet, particularly in the Rocky Mountains and other high mountain ranges.
Factors influencing elevation range:
* Food availability: Mule deer need access to browse, grasses, and other vegetation, and this varies depending on the elevation.
* Water sources: They require access to water, which can be more scarce at higher elevations.
* Predation: Predators like coyotes, bobcats, and mountain lions are less common at higher elevations, making it safer for deer.
* Winter severity: Mule deer can survive harsh winters, but they may migrate to lower elevations for better foraging and milder conditions.
It's important to note:
* Mule deer can have different elevation ranges within a given region due to factors like habitat availability and human activity.
* They are also known to migrate seasonally, moving to higher elevations in the summer for better food and cooler temperatures and then returning to lower elevations in the winter.
If you're interested in learning more about mule deer populations in a specific area, you can check with local wildlife agencies or conservation organizations.