Eriskay ponies are a relatively small breed, and because of this, there is a high risk of inbreeding. When related individuals are bred together, the offspring can have health problems and weakened immune systems. This is because they inherit the same genetic defects and vulnerabilities. Inbreeding also reduces genetic diversity, which makes the population less resilient to environmental changes and diseases.
2. Loss of genetic diversity
Eriskay ponies have been isolated on the islands for centuries, which means there has been very little genetic exchange with other pony populations. This lack of genetic diversity has made them vulnerable to certain genetic disorders and diseases.
3. Limited habitat
Eriskay ponies are native to the remote and harsh environment of the Outer Hebrides, which are a group of islands off the coast of Scotland. Their limited habitat means they have a limited food supply and are exposed to harsh weather conditions. This makes it difficult for the population to survive and reproduce successfully.
4. Competition from other species
Eriskay ponies face competition for resources from other species, including sheep and red deer. These animals can outcompete the ponies for food and water, which can lead to malnutrition and disease.
5. Hunting and overgrazing
In the past, Eriskay ponies were hunted for their meat and pelts. This was a major factor in their decline. Additionally, overgrazing by sheep and other animals has also contributed to their habitat loss.
6. Climate change
Climate change is another major threat to Eriskay ponies. As the climate warms, the islands are experiencing more extreme weather conditions, such as storms and floods. These events can cause habitat loss and make it difficult for the ponies to survive.