Seahorses are found in a wide range of water temperatures, from tropical to temperate. However, most species prefer water temperatures between 68 and 77 degrees Fahrenheit.
In tropical waters, seahorses are often found in shallow water near the shore. In temperate waters, they are often found in deeper water, closer to the bottom.
Salinity
Seahorses are found in a wide range of salinities, from brackish to full marine. However, most species prefer salinities between 30 and 35 parts per thousand.
In brackish water, seahorses are often found in estuaries and mangrove swamps. In full marine water, they are often found in coral reefs and seagrass beds.
pH
Seahorses are found in a wide range of pH levels, from acidic to alkaline. However, most species prefer pH levels between 8 and 8.5.
Substrate
Seahorses are found on a variety of substrates, including sand, mud, rock, and coral. However, most species prefer substrates that are covered in vegetation.
In sandy or muddy habitats, seahorses often bury themselves in the substrate to camouflage themselves from predators. In rocky or coral habitats, they often use their prehensile tail to anchor themselves to the substrate.
Light
Seahorses are found in a wide range of light levels, from bright sunlight to complete darkness. However, most species prefer moderate light levels.
In bright sunlight, seahorses are often found in shallow water where they can get plenty of sunlight for photosynthesis. In complete darkness, they are often found in deep water where they can avoid predators.
Current
Seahorses are found in a wide range of current strengths, from still water to strong currents. However, most species prefer moderate currents.
In still water, seahorses are often found in sheltered areas such as bays and estuaries. In strong currents, they are often found in areas with a lot of turbulence, such as coral reefs and kelp forests.