Types of Horse Wounds

Horses can be accident-prone because of their tendency to become fearful. A frightened horse can become skittish and desperate to escape. If the horse isn't paying attention, or attempts to force its way through a physical barrier, it is often wounded. Anyone keeping horse companions should have a basic understanding of how to clean and treat wounds, so they don't become infected and cause more problems or expense later. The three types of wounds with which you should be familiar are puncture wounds, lacerations and abrasions.

  1. Puncture Wounds

    • Puncture wounds happen when something sharp penetrates the horse's skin, and occur most often on soles of the feet, the chest and the legs. The wound is deeper than it is wide, and the surface usually heals over quickly. The deeper part takes longer to heal, especially when sealed over, which can lead to infection though the wound may appear healed. Puncture wounds can be serious, especially if located near a joint, so you should have your vet evaluate the puncture wound as soon as possible. If the wound is still bleeding when you discover it, apply firm pressure with a soft cloth. Don't dab the wound, because this can cause greater tissue injury each time you touch it, along with increasing the risk of infection. Firm, constant pressure is better. If the wound bleeds profusely and doesn't stop with pressure, call the vet. Your horse will need immediate care. If you can successfully stop the bleeding, your horse can likely wait until the following day for an appointment. When the bleeding stops, flush with sterile saline water. If the object that punctured the horse is still inside, call the vet before doing anything, because she will probably need to remove it herself. Make sure your horse is vaccinated against tetanus, because horses are vulnerable to the disease, also known as lockjaw, and can contract it from puncture wounds.

    Lacerations

    • A laceration is a torn, jagged wound that penetrates the layers of the skin, caused by catching the flesh against an object. For example, the horse might scrape against a nail and tear its skin in the process of getting free. Some lacerations can be managed at home, but your vet should examine deep or profusely bleeding lacerations. Your first step is to flush the area with sterile saline solution. Next, apply a germicide like Betadine. If the wound is still bleeding, apply pressure if your horse will allow it. Once the bleeding stops, or if the wound is no longer bleeding, apply an antibacterial ointment and wrap with clean gauze. Clean and dress the wound regularly for the first few days to speed healing. Closely monitor the wound for signs of infection and contact your vet promptly if the laceration becomes red or leaks pus. Lacerations frequently require antibiotics no matter how well you clean the wound.

    Abrasions

    • An abrasion is similar to a laceration, though not as deep. It is a superficial tearing or wearing away of the epidermis, the outer layer of skin. Abrasions often happen during falls or skids, so check for broken bones or internal bleeding, even if the wound seems minor. Call your vet if you suspect more extensive injuries. To tend the abrasion, wash it with sterile saline solution and Betadine. Most abrasions don't need to be covered, but a thin layer of ointment can protect the wound from foreign particles and bacteria. Expect your horse to be sore for a few days, particularly with a large abrasion. A steady stream of cool water, applied with a hose, can ease some of its pain.