Spasmodic Horse Colic

Colic is a general term used for symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases in horses. Colic means abdominal pain. Spasmodic refers to intermittent intestinal spasms. The intestinal pressure and spasms cause the pain. Since many causes of colic exist, a veterinary physical exam is required for an exact diagnosis. A veterinarian interprets medical history, determines which section of the intestine is involved, and identifies the cause of spasmodic colic.

  1. Defined

    • In healthy horses normal waves of contractions move gas and food along the intestinal tract at regular intervals. spasmodic colic consists of irregular wave patterns. The irregular dysfunctional contractions do not move gas or food smoothly along the intestinal path, but stretches the intestine, stimulating pain receptors. The spasm usually occurs transiently, not long enough to cause bowel obstruction.

    Causes

    • Variable causes of spasmodic colic exist. It is produced by indigestible food, large amounts of cold water after exercise, migrating intestinal larvae, exhaustion and dehydration. Body salt imbalance, due to dehydration, upsets normal digestive function, which leads to intestinal spasms. Sometimes, changes in feed or activity initiates a colic episode. The cause of colic should be carefully analyzed by a veterinarian, who can eliminate more serious conditions.

    Identification

    • Spasmodic colic is the most common form of colic. Also, it is the mildest form and shortest in duration. Onset of symptoms appears suddenly as a horse will stop, paw at the ground and look back at its abdomen, then resume regular activities. Shortened intervals between spasms cause the most pain. Horses with continuous spasms may sweat, jump up, roll over and whirl about.

    Treatment

    • Waiting for the spasmodic episodes to discontinue is the most common treatment option. The episodes can last for several hours. Do not allow the horse to eat or drink during the colic because eating can amplify the symptoms. After veterinary analysis, pain medication, tranquilizers and antispasmodics are typically administered. Also, treating the horse for parasite infestation, by administration of a deworming medication, may be indicated.

    Prevention

    • Good managerial practices will prevent most spasmodic colic. Proper feeding techniques must be followed. Do not over-feed or over-water hungry or thirsty horses. Feed in small increments, limit fresh grass intake and use worming medication regularly. Make any changes in feed gradually and keep teeth in good condition with proper dental care. A horse must be able to chew its food completely for proper digestion. Importantly, do not treat a horse for colic without a complete veterinary evaluation.