Eczema in Horses

If you discuss horse eczema among your horse friends, you will likely hear the term "sweet itch" at some point in the conversation. According to veterinarian Janet Roark from Austin, Texas, it is also referred to as Equine Insect Hypersensitivity, Summer Itch, Queensland Itch, Equine Summer Eczema or Insect Bite Hypersensitivity. If you suspect your horse suffers from this form of eczema, you are not alone; it is the most common allergic reaction in horses.

  1. Symptoms

    • Horses suffering from eczema will try to rub on anything for relief from the itching.

      If your horse seems to constantly rub along its mane, tail and poll, look closely to see if you detect skin crusting, hair loss, red bumps or nodules, or any areas of the skin that seem thicker, where gray scaly patches will likely eventually appear. Your horse may also have some infected areas where rubbing has been severe. In general, your horse will be uncomfortable, constantly scratching to try to gain some relief.

    Causes

    • Insect bites cause eczema in horses.

      Insects are the culprit of your horse's eczema. The likely cause is the Culicoides species, commonly referred to as "no-see-ums," but other insects such as mosquitoes and midges can also contribute. Eczema frequently manifests itself in times of high insect activity in your area, usually the summer and fall. It is a good idea to ask your veterinarian to inspect your horse to differentiate any lesions from a skin condition with a different cause, such as ringworm, rain scald or something with similar symptoms.

    Treatment

    • Your horse suffers from eczema because it is allergic -- or has a hypersensitivity to -- these insect bites. Anti-inflammatory drugs can help. Other treatments include corticosteroids and antihistamines. Topical treatments such as shampoos or products containing sulfur may also be used. A good fatty acid supplement such as flax seed oil may also help. Check other immune-boosting strategies to help you horse fight this sensitivity. If your horse develops a secondary infection, your vet may prescribe an antibiotic.

    Prevention

    • You need to protect your horse from insect bites to protect it from eczema. Fly repellent applications and strategies are necessary, such as fly masks and sheets, sprays and anything else that can eliminate fly breeding grounds around your horse. A fan directed on your horse during peak insect activity -- dusk and dawn for no-see-ums -- will help. Keep your horse's immune system strong with a regular deworming program and good nutrition.