What Is Hoof Thrush?

Thrush is an infection that affects the underside of a horse's hoof. Creases in the frog and the sole are the two areas predominately effected by thrush. Hooves, which are subjected to damp, dirty conditions provide the beginning stages for thrush to thrive.

  1. Causes

    • Thrush infects the underside of the hoof.

      It is not known if bacteria or fungus cause thrush. Many believe that soil contains the infecting organism, but others conclude that the organism exists on the horse and flourishes in a damp, inadequately oxygenated environment. Substandard hoof care and poor hygiene as well as reduced circulation allows thrush to proliferate.

    Signs

    • Thrush has a distinct musty or rotten odor. A moist, greasy black substance may ooze from the clefts or creases of the horse's hoof. When cleaning out the sole, the horse may react with sensitivity or even appear lame (hurt or sore). After cleaning a hoof with thrush, a black stain will remain.

    Complications

    • Prolonged thrush infection may cause the hoof wall to contract. This contraction compresses the sole laterally and pinches the frog. The frog is the area of the hoof that encourages circulation to the hoof area. The frog weakens, and oxygen and nutrient-rich blood fails to reach the hoof. Without this blood supply, the hoof cannot heal. Left untreated, this damage can cause permanent lameness.

    Prevention

    • A type of pick used to clean the hoof's clefts.

      Clean hooves out daily with a hoof pick, paying special attention to the grooves or clefts in the sole. Provide a clean dry environment. Increase circulation to the hoof by allowing the horse regular exercise.

    Treatment

    • A farrier may be required to reverse damage caused by thrush.

      In the early stages, thrush can easily be remedied. Clean all areas of the horse's environment and provide a dry area for the horse to reside. Rubber mats can be placed in the horse's stall to help maintain a dry, clean environment. Consistently clean the horse's hoof and focus on the deep clefts surrounding the frog. Apply a topical ointment or liquid. Consult a veterinarian or farrier (horse shoer) for product recommendations. For severe cases of thrush, a veterinarian or farrier may be required to reverse contracted heels and lameness.