Iron Toxicity in Horses

Iron is a tricky supplement to give a horse because it can be toxic. Young horses tend to be more sensitive and more likely to suffer from iron toxicity because their metabolism and immune system is not yet established. Although iron can be a helpful supplement, you need to give it with caution.

  1. Function

    • Iron is generally given to horses in high work and stress environments. It helps the blood carry more oxygen to vital organs, helping them perform to a greater level.

    Types

    • The most common type of iron toxicity in horses is found in foals. Too much iron right after they are born can cause severe damage to their livers and can be lethal. This happens because foals' systems are very fragile, yet set up to absorb as much as possible to build strength.

    Effects

    • Older horses can also suffer from iron toxicity but it is not as common or lethal as in foals. Signs of iron toxicity in older horses are anorexia, hypothermia, diarrhea and metabolic failure. Sometimes iron can also be immediately lethal by collapsing the cardiovascular system upon entering the body.

    Considerations

    • Feed already contains iron, but hay is the best source of iron. More iron supplements can be added to feed for horses in high performing sports, but other minerals need to be added as well for a balance of nutrients. This balance will allow the body to absorb the nutrients it needs.

    Warning

    • Ask a veterinarian for help when combining supplements. Iron should not be combined in feed with some vitamins such as Vitamin E and copper.