Thromboembolic Colic

Thromboembolic colic is a type of colic in which the blood vessels are obstructed by a thrombus--clot formation--that has become detached from its original site. The areas typically affected include the cecum (the first portion of the large bowel), colon and small intestine.

  1. Causes

    • The exact cause is unknown, but perhaps a decreased blood flow may exist due to thrombus formation in the cranial mesenteric artery--one of the major arteries supplying blood to the small and large intestines. According to Dr. Terrry Gerros, DVM, Professor at Oregon State University, Strongylus vulgaris--bloodworm--may also be the cause due to larval migration, which creates vascular and intestinal damage, leading to lesion (abnormal tissue) formation and improper function in the intestines.

    Symptoms

    • Symptoms are similar to other types of colic and include mild to moderate abdominal pain, which occasionally is severe. Other physical findings include depression, weight loss, diarrhea, pawing, sweating and mild to moderate elevation of WBC (white blood count) and protein. In addition, the makeup of the fluid may change as the disease progresses.

    Diagnosis

    • Diagnosis is made thorough clinical examination to determine the cause and location of abdominal pain. Elevated IgG (T) globulin (monomeric immunoglobulin) when running a serum protein electrophoresis will aid in diagnosis. "The fecal egg count exam (FEC) is really the gold standard when it comes to testing for parasitic infection in the horse," according to John Donecker, VMD, senior veterinarian at Pfizer Animal Health. Unfortunately, numerous factors can influence the results, making it less than accurate.

    Treatment

    • Treatment consists of relieving the immediate signs of abdominal discomfort, giving fluids to correct dehydration and balance electrolytes, and treating the peritonitis--inflammation or infection of the peritoneal or abdominal cavity--if present. Antispasmolytic drugs are used to stop the abdominal spasms, and oral antibiotics are given to reduce the fermentation process. Other medications used include tranquilizers, gastrointestinal protectants, laxatives and lubricants.

    Prevention

    • Provide clean, fresh water to help prevent colic.

      A variety of management practices can be implemented to reduce the risk of colic. Increased grazing time decreases the risk of colic. Also, be sure there is an easily-accessible supply of fresh, clean water. In the winter, the water needs to be warm enough to encourage the horse to drink. Regular parasitic treatments and dental care decrease the risk of colic as well.