What are seahorses enemies?

Seahorses have many predators, including tuna, swordfish, sharks, dolphins, rays, seals, birds, crabs, shrimp, lobsters, octopus, sea bass, grouper, barracuda, puffers, triggerfish, eels, flounder, and jellyfish. These predators target seahorses due to their small size and limited ability to hide or defend themselves. Some species of seahorses are also heavily targeted by illegal aquarium trade, which further threatens their populations. As seahorses often inhabit shallow coastal waters close to shore, some species face additional threats from coastal development leading to habitat destruction and disruption of essential food chains upon which they rely. Conservation efforts for seahorses are therefore increasingly critical in ensuring their survival.