Kicking: Horses have powerful legs and hooves that they can use to deliver forceful kicks as a means of defense. They may kick out with their hind legs or strike with their front hooves.
Biting: Horses can bite if they feel threatened or provoked. Their teeth are strong and can inflict serious injuries.
Running: Horses are fast runners and can use their speed to escape from predators or dangerous situations. Their long legs enable them to cover large distances quickly.
Vocalizing: Horses produce various vocalizations, such as snorting, whinnying, and squealing, to communicate their emotions and warn others of potential threats.
In addition to these physical defense mechanisms, horses rely on their social behavior for protection. They typically live in herds with a hierarchical structure, where the dominant horses provide leadership and protection to the younger or weaker members of the group.