Early Years (18th and 19th Centuries):
* Native American Horses: These were the original stock used by the early cavalry, often captured from tribes. They were hardy and adaptable to the harsh conditions of the American frontier.
* Spanish Mustangs: These horses, descended from horses brought to the Americas by Spanish conquistadors, were also prevalent. They were known for their endurance and ability to thrive in arid environments.
* Morgan Horses: These horses were known for their intelligence, strength, and versatility, making them suitable for a range of cavalry duties.
Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries:
* Thoroughbreds: These horses were prized for their speed and agility, making them ideal for reconnaissance and pursuit. They were also used for show and ceremonial purposes.
* Quarter Horses: Known for their speed and quick acceleration over short distances, Quarter Horses were well-suited for close combat and cattle herding.
* Standardbreds: These horses were originally bred for harness racing but were also used in the cavalry due to their endurance and ability to pull heavy loads.
World Wars and Beyond:
* Morgans, Quarter Horses, and Thoroughbreds: These breeds continued to be used, especially for scouting and mounted combat.
* Draft Horses: Larger draft breeds like Percherons and Clydesdales were used for pulling artillery and supplies.
Important Considerations:
* The needs of the unit and its mission: The specific breed of horse used often depended on the unit's purpose, such as scouting, combat, or logistics.
* Availability: The availability of certain breeds varied depending on the time period and location.
* Individual horses: While breed played a role, the skill and temperament of individual horses were also important factors in their suitability for cavalry service.
It's worth noting that the US Cavalry largely transitioned to mechanized units during the 20th century, although mounted units still exist for ceremonial and historical purposes.