Here's a breakdown:
* Down: The rider applies pressure with their lower leg, pressing down and back towards the horse's flank. This pressure is often accompanied by a slight squeezing motion with the calf muscles.
* Back: The rider continues to apply pressure, pushing their leg back and away from the horse's body. This helps to direct the horse's hindquarters to move away from the leg.
Purpose:
* Lateral movements: "Down and back" is primarily used to encourage the horse to move its hindquarters sideways in exercises like leg yielding, shoulder-in, and travers.
* Straightness and balance: It can also help to improve the horse's straightness and balance by encouraging them to engage their hindquarters.
* Engagement: The movement helps the horse engage its hindquarters and build strength.
Important considerations:
* Timing and consistency: The rider needs to apply the aid consistently and with good timing, so the horse understands the signal.
* Softness and responsiveness: The goal is to use the leg aid gently and effectively, not to punish the horse.
* Combined aids: "Down and back" is usually used in conjunction with other aids, such as the reins, weight, and seat, to help the horse understand and execute the desired movement.
In summary: "Down and back" is a key leg aid used in horse riding to communicate with the horse and encourage them to move their hindquarters away from the rider's leg. It's an essential tool for achieving lateral movements, improving straightness, and engaging the horse's hindquarters.