Protection from Cold:
* Thick coat: Horses grow a thick, insulating coat of hair in the winter, providing warmth and protection from the cold. This coat sheds in the summer.
* Body fat: Horses can store body fat, particularly in the winter, to help them maintain their body temperature.
* Shivering: Like other mammals, horses shiver when they're cold, generating heat.
* Blood flow regulation: Horses can constrict blood vessels in their extremities to minimize heat loss.
Protection from Heat:
* Sweating: Horses sweat profusely to cool themselves down.
* Panting: Horses pant to evaporate water from their respiratory system, which helps lower their body temperature.
* Seeking shade: Horses instinctively seek out shade during hot weather to minimize sun exposure.
* Water intake: Horses drink a lot of water, particularly in hot weather, to stay hydrated and prevent overheating.
Protection from Rain and Wind:
* Waterproof coat: A horse's coat is naturally water-resistant, preventing rain from soaking through and making them cold.
* Mane and tail: A horse's mane and tail provide some protection from rain and wind, particularly around the head and neck.
* Hooves: Horses' hooves are tough and resilient, helping them navigate uneven terrain and protecting their feet from cold and moisture.
Other Features:
* Eyes: Horses' eyes are large and have a nictitating membrane (third eyelid) that helps protect them from dust and debris.
* Ears: Horses' ears are mobile and can be flattened against their head to protect them from the wind and rain.
* Nostrils: Horses' nostrils can be flared to increase air intake, helping them breathe easier in hot and humid conditions.
It's important to note that domesticated horses often rely on humans to provide additional protection from the elements, such as shelter, blankets, and proper nutrition.