* Wolves: Wolves are a primary predator of horses, especially in areas where they co-exist.
* Lions and Tigers: These large cats are also known to prey on horses, particularly in areas where their ranges overlap.
* Bears: While bears are primarily omnivores, they can and do prey on horses, especially young or weak animals.
* Coyotes: Coyotes are opportunistic predators that will prey on horses, especially foals and injured or sick animals.
* Mountain Lions: Also known as cougars or pumas, mountain lions are powerful predators that can kill horses, although they typically target smaller prey.
Other predators:
* Alligators and Crocodiles: In areas where horses live near water, these reptiles can pose a threat, especially to young or vulnerable horses.
* Large Birds of Prey: Birds of prey such as eagles and vultures can prey on foals or injured horses.
It's important to note that domesticated horses are typically less vulnerable to predation due to the presence of humans and protective measures. However, wild horses and feral horses are still susceptible to attacks from predators.