While horses could be used, they were less common for a few reasons:
* Strength: Oxen were stronger and could pull heavier loads over long distances.
* Endurance: Oxen were more resistant to heat and could travel farther without needing rest.
* Cost: Oxen were cheaper than horses.
However, horses were sometimes used for shorter trips or when the wagon was carrying lighter loads. They were also more maneuverable than oxen.
So, while both horses and oxen could pull Conestoga wagons, oxen were the primary work animal.