Horse:
* Body: Wood, primarily oak or ash, with metal fittings for the harness and hooves.
* Legs: Bone and muscle, with hooves made of keratin (a protein).
Cart:
* Frame: Wood, usually oak or ash, for strength and durability.
* Wheels: Wooden hubs, spokes, and rims, often with iron tires for better traction and wear resistance.
* Body: Wooden planks or wicker for carrying goods, sometimes with metal fittings for strength and durability.
* Shafts: Wooden shafts connected to the horse's harness, also often reinforced with metal.
* Other parts: Leather straps and ropes for the harness, iron or steel for nails, bolts, and other hardware.
Here are some historical variations:
* Ancient carts: Early carts were often made from rudimentary materials like branches and vines, with wheels made from solid logs or wood planks.
* Medieval carts: Construction evolved with the use of metal for tires, axles, and fittings.
* Victorian era: Carts became more sophisticated, incorporating ironwork and decorative elements.
It's important to remember that the materials used were often dictated by local availability.
For example:
* Carts in Europe: Oak and ash were common for their strength, while iron was readily available for hardware.
* Carts in Asia: Bamboo and other local woods were often used, with metal fittings less common.
Ultimately, the horse and cart was a testament to the ingenuity and resourcefulness of people throughout history, utilizing available materials to create a vital tool for transportation and trade.