Physical Characteristics:
* Size and Strength: War horses were large and powerful, typically standing 15-16 hands high (60-64 inches). They needed to be strong enough to carry a heavily armored knight and his equipment.
* Temperament: War horses were bred for courage, intelligence, and obedience. They needed to be calm under pressure and respond quickly to their rider's commands, even in the chaos of battle.
* Stamina and Endurance: War horses needed to be able to travel long distances and endure the hardships of campaign life, including difficult terrain, lack of food and water, and the stress of battle.
* Speed: While not primarily bred for speed, war horses could be fast enough to charge into battle and maintain a tactical advantage.
* Agility: War horses needed to be agile enough to maneuver through the battlefield and avoid obstacles.
Training and Usage:
* Specialized Training: War horses underwent rigorous training to prepare them for combat. This included obedience drills, handling weapons, and acclimating them to the sights and sounds of battle.
* Armor: War horses were often armored, either with a full suit of plate armor or a lighter harness of mail. This protected the horse from enemy weapons and increased their survivability.
* Role in Combat: War horses were used in various roles, from carrying knights into battle and charging in close combat to pulling artillery pieces and transporting supplies.
* Status Symbol: Owning a war horse was a sign of wealth and status, as it required significant investment in breeding, training, and upkeep.
Examples of War Horses:
* Destrier: The classic war horse of medieval Europe, known for its size, strength, and stamina.
* Steed: A general term for a war horse, often used in literature.
* Courser: A swift war horse used for scouting or carrying messengers.
Other Considerations:
* Breeds: While specific breeds were not always defined, war horses often originated from breeds known for their size and strength, such as the Percheron, Shire, and Andalusian.
* Evolution: The characteristics of war horses evolved over time to meet the changing demands of warfare.
The war horse played a vital role in medieval and early modern warfare, significantly influencing tactics and the outcome of battles. Their physical and mental attributes made them indispensable partners for knights and soldiers, and their legacy continues to fascinate historians and enthusiasts today.