What parts are most important in judging a horse according to Xenophon?

Xenophon, an ancient Greek historian and general, discusses the ideal characteristics of a horse in his treatise "On Horsemanship." According to Xenophon, the most important parts of a horse to consider when judging its quality include:

1. Head and Neck: The head and neck should be proportionate to the horse's size, with a broad forehead and a strong neck that attaches smoothly to the shoulders.

2. Eyes: The eyes should be large, bright, and expressive, indicating alertness and intelligence.

3. Nostrils: The nostrils should be wide and open, allowing the horse to breathe easily during strenuous exercise.

4. Mouth and Lips: The mouth should be healthy, with a firm and evenly set jaw. The lips should be supple and close together.

5. Chest and Shoulders: The chest should be broad and deep, allowing for ample lung capacity and strength. The shoulders should be well-sloped and powerful, enabling free movement of the forelegs.

6. Back and Loins: The back should be straight, strong, and muscular. The loins should be well-supported and not overly long or weak.

7. Legs and Feet: The legs should be long, straight, and well-proportioned, with strong joints and tendons. The feet should be well-shaped, with a strong frog and a dense, elastic hoof wall.

8. Temperament: Xenophon also emphasizes the importance of a horse's temperament, considering a gentle, trainable, and courageous disposition as essential qualities for a good mount.

Xenophon's observations on horse conformation and temperament have influenced equestrian practices for centuries and remain relevant to horse evaluation and selection in modern times.