1. Babylonian Captivity: After the destruction of the First Temple in Jerusalem in 586 BCE by the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar, a significant portion of the Jewish population was exiled to Babylon. This period of exile lasted for approximately 70 years.
2. Roman Exile: Following the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Roman Empire in 70 CE, another large-scale Jewish diaspora occurred. The Jewish people were dispersed throughout the Roman world and beyond, leading to the formation of Jewish communities in many different regions.
These captivities and exiles played a significant role in shaping the history and development of the Jewish people and their religious practices.