Behavior of the Clam in a Saltwater Aquarium

Clams are members of the bivalvia class, all of which are molluscs with hinged shells. Clams can live in saltwater or freshwater. Aquarium enthusiasts commonly keep several species as pets in saltwater aquariums, including crocea clams and tridacna clams. Individual clam species vary somewhat in behavior. However, all clams have similar nervous systems and feeding behavior. In a properly maintained marine aquarium, clams can thrive.

  1. Defensive Behavior

    • A clam's primary method of defending itself is closing its shell tightly. This completely prevents predation by most species. Clams with razor shells can dig into sand to avoid threats, and some clam species -- such as the file clam -- swim to escape danger by clapping the two portions of their shell together rapidly. Some clam species can release secretions that deter predators. Most species of clam spend the majority of their time with their shells tightly shut.

    Feeding

    • Most clams are filter feeders. Tiny particulate material is filtered through the clam's body and then processed by nephridia, cells that are similar to kidneys. Some clams can bury themselves and then stick a siphon to the surface of the water to catch food.

    Reproduction

    • Most clam species have male and female members. They reproduce using external fertilization. Females release eggs into the water during breeding season, and males release sperm. Captive clams are more likely to breed when the water temperature gets cold for a time and then becomes warm again because this mimics their breeding conditions in the wild. Adults do not provide care to their young.

    Intelligence

    • Clams do not have brains. Instead, they have ganglia cells that conduct impulses. Clams are likely able to feel pain and can respond to simple conditioned stimuli. However, most scientists believe they are incapable of solving unique problems. The reflexes of clams, which include swimming from predators, burrowing and other protective behaviors, mimic problem-solving behavior. Clams do not bond with their owners and do not form attachments or relationships with other clams.