Types of Aquarium Plant Diseases

When most people think about life in an aquarium, they probably picture a colorful menagerie of fish. However, aquarium plants aren't just there for show; they can provide valuable food and nutrients for fish, and they need to be cared for just as carefully. There are a number of problems and diseases that can afflict aquarium plants, and knowing the causes and symptoms can help you treat them.

  1. Nutrient Problems

    • Like animals and humans, plants need certain nutrients to survive. While we get these nutrients from the food and drink we consume, plants take them from sunlight, air and fertilizer. An imbalance in these nutrients can cause serious problems for the plants. For example, plants need carbon dioxide to perform their food-making process called photosynthesis. Agitated water or an overabundance of plants can cause a carbon dioxide deficiency, which can result in stunted growth and deposits of calcium forming on the leaves. On the other hand, too much carbon dioxide can suffocate the fish; this could result from overfertilizing. Careful maintenance of the tank will help to prevent these nutrient problems. Fertilize the plant only when recommended by the fertilizer or a local pet shop or fishery. Perform regular water changes (up to once a week, depending on the size of your tank). These maintenance basics can help clear up or prevent nutrient problems.

    Insects

    • Like outdoor plants, aquarium plants that are not completely submerged can attract insects, which can kill the plants and endanger the rest of the aquarium. Upon inspection, you will often be able to see aphids and other insects crawling along the surface of plants. These insects will feed on the plants, eventually destroying the leaves and stems. Remove these insects by hand or with tweezers and dispose of them properly. You may want to feed them to your fish; this can encourage fish to watch out for the bugs and consume them or chase them away later. You can also remove the plant from the aquarium and run it under cool, fresh water to wash away insects.

    Other Causes

    • Plants developing small brown spots or yellowing leaves may be suffering from high levels of nitrates, which form in the water from organic waste such as fish feces. This increase in nitrates often develops as a result of infrequent water changes. Insufficient light can also cause plant diseases. Plants that do not receive enough light (either natural sunlight or grow lights) can suffer from thin stems, pale or yellow leaves and stunted growth. You must increase the plant's light exposure to help it overcome this deficiency. Stunted growth may also be a result of water temperature that is too low or too high for the plant species. Consult plant experts regarding the proper nutrition, lighting and water requirements for your aquatic plants to keep your aquarium healthy.