1. Tank Size:
* Minimum: 5 gallons (ideally 10 gallons or more)
* Smaller tanks: Can be challenging to maintain stable water parameters, especially for active bettas.
2. Water Quality:
* Temperature: 78-82°F (25-28°C)
* pH: 6.5-7.5
* Ammonia, Nitrite, Nitrate: 0 ppm (use a test kit to monitor)
* Water Changes: 25-50% weekly
3. Filtration:
* Essential: A filter that provides adequate flow for the tank size, but not too strong for the betta.
* Types: Sponge filters or HOB filters are common choices.
4. Hiding Places:
* Crucial: Bettas are shy and prefer hiding spots.
* Examples: Caves, plants, driftwood
5. Substrate:
* Options: Gravel, sand, or even bare bottom
* Important: Avoid sharp or jagged substrates that could injure fins.
6. Lighting:
* Moderate: Bettas don't need intense light, but they should have some for plant growth (if applicable).
* Hours: 10-12 hours of light per day is sufficient.
7. Food:
* Diet: Primarily carnivorous, feeding on insects, larvae, and other small invertebrates.
* Feed: High-quality betta pellets, flakes, or live foods (bloodworms, brine shrimp) should be offered in small portions twice a day.
8. Tank Mates:
* Generally not recommended: Bettas are territorial and aggressive towards other fish, especially other males.
* Exceptions: Some bettas may coexist peacefully with certain peaceful tank mates, but careful research and observation are crucial.
9. Tank Maintenance:
* Regularly clean: Remove uneaten food and waste, and perform partial water changes weekly.
* Monitor: Water parameters and fish health should be monitored regularly.
10. Enrichment:
* Essential: Betta fish are intelligent and can get bored.
* Ways to stimulate: Floating toys, puzzle feeders, and even mirrors (used sparingly) can help keep them entertained.
Remember: Betta fish can be delicate and require specific care. If you're new to fishkeeping, it's best to research extensively and consult with experienced hobbyists before acquiring a betta.