1. Fish: Fishes form the bulk of the Ganges river dolphin's diet. They consume various fish species, including catfish, carp, barbs, mullets, and gobies. Dolphins use echolocation to locate and hunt their prey underwater, emitting high-pitched sounds and listening for the echoes that bounce off objects.
2. Crustaceans: Crustaceans, such as shrimp, prawns, and crabs, are also important food sources for Ganges river dolphins. These invertebrates are found in abundance in the rivers and estuaries where dolphins reside and often form a significant part of their diet.
3. Mollusks: Mollusks, including freshwater bivalves and gastropods (snails and mussels), are occasionally consumed by Ganges river dolphins. They typically consume smaller species that can be found in the river substrate or attached to aquatic plants.
4. Aquatic Insects: Ganges river dolphins may occasionally feed on aquatic insects, such as dragonfly nymphs, beetles, and other large insect larvae. These insects can be found near the water's surface and serve as a supplementary food source.
5. Smaller Dolphins and Porpoises: Although rare, instances have been reported where Ganges river dolphins prey upon other smaller dolphin and porpoise species. These instances involve aggressive behavior and competition for food resources.
It's important to note that the diet of Ganges river dolphins may vary depending on the region, season, and availability of prey. Their specialized anatomy, with long, pointed beaks and streamlined bodies, allows them to navigate and hunt efficiently in the freshwater environments they inhabit.