* Staying in large groups: Penguins are social animals and often gather in large groups, called rookeries, for breeding and raising chicks. This makes it harder for killer whales to isolate and attack individual penguins. The sheer number of penguins can overwhelm a single killer whale, making it difficult to hunt effectively.
* Staying close to shore: Killer whales are powerful swimmers, but they prefer to hunt in open water. Penguins stay close to the shore where it is harder for killer whales to maneuver.
* Staying vigilant: Penguins are very alert to their surroundings. They have keen eyesight and can quickly spot a killer whale approaching. When danger is detected, they often dive into the water and swim away as quickly as possible.
* Using natural barriers: Penguins often nest and roost on islands or rocky cliffs that are difficult for killer whales to access. This can offer some protection from predators.
It's important to remember that these strategies are not foolproof. Killer whales are highly intelligent and effective predators. While penguins have developed some ways to minimize their risk, they are still vulnerable to these powerful marine mammals.