1. Habitat Loss and Fragmentation: The Ganges river dolphin relies on specific riverine habitats for its survival, including deep pools and stretches with adequate flow. However, human activities such as dam construction, sand mining, and water abstraction for irrigation and industrial purposes have led to habitat loss and fragmentation. The construction of barrages and dams along the river has obstructed their movement and created barriers that disrupt their natural migration patterns.
2. Fishing and Bycatch: The Ganges river dolphin often falls victim to fishing activities, particularly as unintentional bycatch. Dolphins can become entangled in fishing nets or traps set for other aquatic species. These entanglements can cause severe injuries, stress, and even death to the dolphins.
3. Pollution: The Ganges River is heavily polluted due to the discharge of untreated sewage, agricultural runoff, and industrial effluents. This pollution degrades water quality and introduces harmful contaminants that can have detrimental effects on the health of the dolphins. Pollutants can cause various diseases, reduced food availability, and impaired reproductive success.
4. Hunting and Poaching: Although illegal, some cases of deliberate hunting and poaching of Ganges river dolphins still occur. Dolphins are targeted for their oil, meat, and body parts, which are used in traditional medicine or sold in black markets.
5. Boat Traffic and Noise: Increased boat traffic and noise from human activities can disturb the behavior of Ganges river dolphins. These disturbances can affect their communication, echolocation abilities, and hunting patterns, impacting their overall well-being.
6. Climate Change: The impacts of climate change, such as rising water temperatures, altered flow patterns, and extreme weather events, can further threaten the survival of Ganges river dolphins. Changes in river ecosystems and reduced prey availability can have cascading effects on their populations.
Due to these cumulative threats, the population of Ganges river dolphins has experienced a significant decline over the years, leading to their classification as an endangered species. Conservation efforts are underway to protect their habitats, reduce fishing-related mortalities, combat pollution, and raise awareness about the importance of preserving these unique and ecologically significant creatures.