Penguins are seabirds that live in the Southern Hemisphere. They have a thick layer of blubber that helps them stay warm in the cold waters of the Southern Ocean. Penguins also have a special gland that helps them excrete the salt from the salt water they drink.
Penguins drink salt water because it is the only water available to them in the Southern Ocean. The water in the Southern Ocean is very salty because of the high levels of dissolved minerals. Penguins are able to drink this water because they have a special gland that helps them excrete the salt.
The salt gland is located in the penguin's head. It is a small gland that is lined with cells that are able to absorb salt from the water. The salt is then transported to the penguin's kidneys, where it is excreted in the urine.
Penguins are able to excrete up to 90% of the salt in the water they drink. This is a very efficient process, and it allows penguins to survive in the harsh environment of the Southern Ocean.