1. Gestation: The gestation period for dolphins varies depending on the species. For example, the bottlenose dolphin's gestation period is approximately 12 months, while the orca's gestation period is approximately 18 months.
2. Birth position: Dolphins give birth to a single calf at a time, though some species, such as the Commerson's dolphin and the La Plata dolphin, may occasionally have twins. The calf is born in a head-first position, protected by the mother's body and the amniotic sac.
3. Birth canal: As the calf is ready to be born, it enters the birth canal, which is located just below the mother's dorsal fin. The calf is positioned with its head and pectoral fins pointing downwards.
4. Labor and delivery: The mother dolphin experiences contractions during labor, which help to push the calf out. Other dolphins in the pod may assist the mother by providing support and protection.
5. Neonatal care: After the calf is born, it swims to the surface to take its first breath of air. The mother dolphin helps to support and guide the newborn, ensuring it reaches the surface safely. The newborn calf is initially dependent on its mother for food and protection.
Overall, the process of birth in dolphins is a cooperative and social experience, with the mother and the pod working together to ensure the successful delivery and care of the newborn calf.