1. International Agreements and Collaboration: CITES is an international agreement that brings together countries to cooperate and work together to protect endangered species. By signing and ratifying CITES, countries commit to implementing and enforcing regulations to prevent the over-exploitation and illegal trade of endangered species.
2. Listing of Endangered Species: CITES identifies and lists species that are threatened with extinction and need international protection. These species are categorized into three appendices based on their conservation status and the degree of protection they require.
3. Trade Controls and Permits: CITES establishes a system of permits and certificates that must accompany the international trade of listed species. Before any international trade can take place, permits must be obtained from the exporting and importing countries. This ensures that trade is legal, traceable, and sustainable.
4. Monitoring and Reporting: CITES requires Parties (countries that are signatories to the convention) to monitor and report on the trade of listed species. This helps track trade patterns, identify potential illegal activities, and assess the effectiveness of the convention.
5. Conservation Programs and Education: CITES encourages and supports conservation programs and educational initiatives to raise awareness about the importance of protecting endangered species. By educating the public, policymakers, and other stakeholders, CITES promotes responsible behavior and encourages sustainable practices.
6. Non-Detrimental Findings: CITES Parties must make a non-detrimental finding (NDF) before issuing export permits. This requires them to assess whether the export of a particular specimen or species will not be detrimental to the survival of the species in the wild.
7. Cooperation with Enforcement Agencies: CITES works closely with enforcement agencies, including customs and border control authorities, to prevent and combat illegal trade in endangered species. Collaboration with these agencies helps intercept illegal shipments and enforce the provisions of the convention.
8. Periodic Reviews and Amendments: CITES regularly reviews the status of listed species and makes adjustments to the appendices as necessary. This ensures that the protection measures are adapted to changing conservation needs and scientific knowledge.
By combining these measures and fostering international cooperation, CITES plays a vital role in preventing the extinction of endangered species and ensuring their long-term survival in the wild.