* Chemical treatments: These treatments involve applying a lampricide, which is a chemical that is toxic to sea lamprey but not to humans or other animals. The lampricides used for sea lamprey control are TFM (3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol), Bayer 73 (2',5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide), and niclosamide. These lampricides are applied to streams and rivers where sea lamprey larvae live, and they are effective at killing the larvae without harming other aquatic organisms.
* Barriers: These are physical structures that prevent sea lamprey from migrating upstream to spawn. Barriers can be dams, fences, or other structures. They are typically installed in rivers and streams where sea lamprey are known to spawn. Barriers are effective at preventing sea lamprey from reproducing, but they can also have negative effects on other aquatic organisms, such as blocking their migration routes.
* Traps: These are devices that capture sea lamprey as they migrate upstream to spawn. Traps are typically installed in rivers and streams where sea lamprey are known to spawn. They are effective at capturing sea lamprey, but they can also have negative effects on other aquatic organisms, such as trapping them in the traps.
The use of these treatments to control sea lamprey populations has been shown to be effective in reducing the abundance of sea lamprey and the damage they cause to fish populations. There have been no reports of any negative effects on human health from these treatments.