Growing Tilapia Fish

One of the fastest-growing fish industries in recent years has been the production of pond-raised tilapia. Virtually unheard of 20 years ago, tilapia production brings in millions of dollars in income for U.S. fish farmers. Experts expect the market to continue to grow as health-conscious consumers eat more seafood and look for alternatives to dwindling and potentially contaminated ocean stocks.

  1. Tilapia Basics

    • Cultures outside the United States have enjoyed tilapia for centuries. Fishers in Israel, where the fish originated, have been harvesting tilapia for more than 2,500 years. The species holds several advantages for commercial production. It is a hardy fish, highly resistant to many diseases and infections that commonly strike other fish populations. Tilapia are also excellent breeders and grow fast on relatively small, diverse food supplies.

    Preparing the Habitat

    • The most important element for successfully raising tilapia is proper environment. They are warm-water fish that need to live in waters ideally maintained at about 76 to 84 degrees Fahrenheit. Ponds or other bodies of water that are not prone to drying up or flooding are the best choices. However, some cold-climate farmers with access to indoor facilities have had great success. Some states strictly control the location of tilapia farms to prevent encroachment into native fish populations, so check with local authorities before preparing a tilapia habitat.

      The necessary pond size is based on the size of the fish population you hope to maintain. Experts recommend estimating two to three mature fish per square meter of water surface. Depth should be at least one meter deep.

      If you are planning to use an existing pond, drain it first to remove any dangerous weeds and other fish populations, then refill with fresh, clean water.

      About one week before stocking the pond, add fertilizer to the bottom of the pond. Experts highly recommend chicken manure to promote the quick growth of algae.

    Stocking the Pond

    • You can obtain starter stocks from other tilapia producers. Contact the American Tilapia Association for reputable suppliers in your area. The supplier can recommended the number of starter breeders you will need for your pond size. Most recommend introducing the new stock to the pond in the early morning or late evening, when water temperature is on the lower end of the ideal range. Slowly integrate the fish, allowing pond water to mix with that in their holding container. Too-rapid introduction can lead to fish stress and death.

    Maintaining Your Population

    • Continue to fertilize the pond with organic materials about once a month. The fish will feed primarily off of algae. Many fishers supplement this natural food supply with items such as rice bran, bread crumbs, earthworms or termites. Continue to observe the habitat to maintain ideal water levels and limit encroachment by undesirable populations. Once the tilapia population reaches a rate of constant sustainability, you may begin harvesting. Most tilapia farmers harvest using dip or lift nets.