1. Plunge Pool: This is the basin or pool of water at the base of a waterfall. It is formed as the water from the waterfall impacts and erodes the rocks beneath.
2. Bedrock: The bedrock is the solid rock over which the waterfall flows. It is typically made of resistant rock formations such as granite, sandstone, or limestone.
3. Cascade: It refers to a section of the waterfall where the water flows in a series of steps or tiers. Each step creates a small pool or break in the water's descent.
4. Rapids: Rapids are turbulent areas of fast-flowing water that occur above or below a waterfall. They are formed as the water rushes over uneven surfaces or boulders.
5. Mist or Spray: As water plunges from a height, it creates mist or spray. The amount of mist depends on the volume and force of the water.
6. Undercut: An undercut is a cavity or recess formed in the bedrock at the base of a waterfall. It is caused by the continuous erosion of the rock by the water's impact and swirling currents.
7. Vegetation: The vegetation surrounding a waterfall can include trees, shrubs, ferns, and mosses. Plants often thrive in the moist environment and may contribute to the overall beauty of the waterfall.