1. Fishing
* Gillnetting: A net hangs vertically in the water, capturing fish by their gills.
* Seine netting: A large net is dragged through the water, enclosing a school of fish.
* Trolling: A fishing line with lures is towed behind a boat.
* Purse seining: A large net is drawn around a school of fish, then the bottom is closed like a purse.
* Hook and line: This method involves individual anglers using hooks and lines to catch fish.
2. Farming
* Fish farming: Salmon are raised in pens or cages in the ocean or freshwater. This method involves feeding the fish and controlling their environment.
3. Other methods
* Trapping: Salmon are caught in traps, which are often used in rivers.
* Electroshocking: An electric current is used to stun fish, making them easier to catch.
Sustainability Concerns
* Overfishing: Some wild salmon populations are facing pressure from overfishing.
* Bycatch: Fishing methods can accidentally catch other species, which is a concern for biodiversity.
* Environmental impact: Fish farming can have negative impacts on the environment, such as pollution and disease.
Regulation and Management
* Quotas: Many fisheries have quotas to limit the amount of fish that can be caught.
* Seasons: Fishing seasons are often set to protect spawning fish.
* Fishery management plans: Governments and organizations create plans to ensure the sustainability of salmon populations.
Choosing Sustainable Salmon
* Look for certifications: Choose salmon that is certified by organizations like the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) or Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC).
* Ask about origin: Salmon from wild fisheries is generally more sustainable than farmed salmon.
* Consider the method of harvest: Choose salmon that was caught using sustainable fishing methods.
It's important to be aware of the different methods used to harvest salmon and their potential impact on the environment. Choosing sustainably harvested salmon helps to ensure the long-term health of salmon populations.