Best Overall
* Tilapia: Hardy, fast-growing, tolerate a range of water conditions, and produce delicious fillets. However, they can be invasive in some areas, so ensure they don't escape into the wild.
* Catfish (Channel, African, etc.): Another hardy, fast-growing option, they have a robust immune system and are relatively easy to raise.
For Beginners
* Goldfish: These are popular, affordable, and relatively tolerant. However, they do need some space, and their waste output can be high.
* Koi: These are ornamental fish that can thrive in aquaponics, but they require larger tanks and warmer temperatures.
For Smaller Systems
* Guppies: These small, colorful fish are prolific breeders and easy to care for. They can be kept in smaller aquaponic systems.
* Zebra Danios: These energetic fish are known for their stripes and are good indicators of water quality.
Other Considerations
* Water Temperature: Consider your region's climate and the temperature tolerance of your chosen fish.
* System Size: Larger systems can handle more fish, while smaller systems need a smaller number of fish to avoid overcrowding.
* Growth Rate: Fast-growing fish are preferred for aquaponics as they produce more waste and can be harvested more quickly.
Important Points
* Compatibility: Always research the compatibility of your chosen fish species to ensure they don't compete or prey on each other.
* Water Quality: Monitor water parameters (pH, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate) regularly to ensure the health of your fish.
* Aquaponic System Design: Choose a system that meets the needs of your chosen fish species.
Before choosing a fish, research their specific requirements, your system's capabilities, and your local regulations.