1. Oil Booms: Floating barriers or booms made of materials like polyurethane or plastic are used to contain the oil spill and prevent it from spreading. They are placed around the affected area to encircle the oil and keep it from moving further.
2. Skimmers: Specialized vessels or devices are employed to skim the oil from the water surface. These skimmers use various mechanisms to collect the oil while leaving water behind. They can be deployed in different forms, including boat-mounted skimmers, drum skimmers, and suction skimmers.
3. Sorbents: These materials are designed to absorb and retain oil and other hydrocarbons. Sorbents can come in various forms such as pads, rolls, or loose fibers. They are often made from materials like polypropylene or natural fibers.
4. Dispersants: Chemical substances known as dispersants are sometimes used to break down the oil into smaller droplets. This technique aims to disperse the oil into the water column, promoting natural degradation. However, dispersants can have environmental implications, so their use is carefully regulated and requires specialized expertise.
5. In-situ Burning: In certain situations, controlled burning of the oil may be considered as a method to clean up spills. This involves igniting the oil on the water surface to accelerate the breakdown process. In-situ burning is a complex technique and requires careful monitoring and management due to potential emissions and environmental impacts.
6. Bioremediation: Some cleanup efforts involve the use of microorganisms or specialized bacteria that have the ability to break down and metabolize hydrocarbons. Bioremediation can occur naturally or be enhanced using specially formulated products that assist in the biodegradation process.
It's important to note that the choice of cleanup methods and materials depends on factors such as the type and amount of oil spilled, environmental conditions, and the specific regulations and protocols in place for oil spill response.