- Lack of Elasticity and Energy Absorption: Compared to wharves with elastic structures or fender systems, solid walls don't provide sufficient energy absorption during berthing. When a ship comes alongside a solid wharf, there's a higher chance of impact, which can lead to damage to both the vessel and the wharf itself.
- Inadequate Shock Absorbing Capacity: Unlike wharves with cushioning elements, solid walls lack shock-absorbing capabilities. This means that when a vessel makes contact with the solid wall during berthing, the forces and impact are transferred more directly to the ship's hull and mooring arrangements. This can lead to increased stress on the vessel's structure, potentially causing damage.
- Restricted Maneuverability and Control: Solid walls can limit a ship's ability to maneuver and position itself accurately alongside the wharf. This is particularly challenging during berthing and departure, especially in confined harbor areas or when weather conditions are unfavorable. The lack of flexibility and elasticity in the wharf structure may restrict adjustments to the ship's position and increase the risk of collision or damage.
- Potential for Hull Damage: The absence of protective cushioning systems alongside solid wharves makes the vessel more susceptible to hull damage upon contact. Ships' hulls are designed to withstand specific amounts of stress, but direct impacts against unyielding solid walls can exceed these limits and cause structural damage or even hull breaches.
- Difficulty of Rope Handling: Solid walled wharves can make rope handling more complex for mooring operations. Crew members may find it more challenging to secure and adjust mooring lines due to the lack of gaps or spaces between the wharf structure and the ship's hull. This can compromise the stability and safety of the vessel at berth.
- Less Environmental Adaptability: Solid wharves are less adaptable to environmental factors, such as changes in water levels. In scenarios where water levels fluctuate significantly during tides, solid wharves may not provide adequate depth for ships to berth safely, leading to additional operational challenges.
To address these disadvantages, modern wharf structures often incorporate elastic fenders, rubber or pneumatic cushioning systems, and designed surfaces to absorb impact and provide a safe and controlled berthing environment for vessels.