1. Strong odors: Sharks have a highly developed sense of smell and certain strong odors can repel them. Some examples include:
* Fish oil
* Garlic
* Ammonia
* Vinegar
* Cayenne pepper
2. Electric fields: Sharks are sensitive to changes in electrical fields and some devices emit an electrical field that can deter them.
3. Magnetic fields: Sharks use the Earth's magnetic field to navigate and some studies have shown that they can be deterred by strong magnetic fields.
4. Visual deterrents: Certain visual patterns or bright colors have been shown to deter sharks. These may include:
* Black and white stripes
* Large eye-like patterns
* Bright yellow or orange coloration