Here's a breakdown:
* Undulation: This is the primary mode of propulsion. Freshwater dolphins move their bodies in a wave-like motion, starting from the head and flowing down to the tail. This creates a "thrust" that propels them forward.
* Flipper Movements: Their flippers act as stabilizers and rudders. They use them to steer and maintain balance, making precise turns and adjustments.
* Tail Flukes: Their powerful tail flukes provide the main force for forward movement. The dolphins use their tail flukes in a powerful up-and-down motion, similar to a whale.
Here's a detailed explanation:
1. Undulation: A freshwater dolphin's body is flexible and muscular. They undulate their bodies, creating a series of waves that start at the head and travel down the body, reaching maximum amplitude near the tail. The muscles on one side of the body contract while the other side relaxes, creating this wave-like motion.
2. Flippers: They are relatively small compared to the tails but play a vital role in maneuvering. They use their flippers to steer, brake, and make sharp turns.
3. Tail Flukes: The tail flukes are large and powerful, acting as the primary source of propulsion. They use a powerful up-and-down motion to create thrust. The combination of undulation and tail flukes allows them to move quickly and efficiently through the water.
It's important to note: While all freshwater dolphins share these basic movement principles, there are some subtle differences in their swimming styles depending on the species. For example, the Amazon River dolphin has a more sinuous, serpentine movement, while the Ganges River dolphin tends to move with a more powerful, up-and-down tail stroke.