Nutrient enrichment: Excessive amounts of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, can fuel the growth of algae. These nutrients can come from fertilizers, wastewater treatment plants, and agricultural runoff.
Warm water temperatures: Algae thrive in warm water temperatures. As the climate warms, the frequency and duration of algae blooms are expected to increase.
Sunlight: Algae require sunlight to photosynthesize and grow. Longer days and increased sunlight during the summer months contribute to the growth of algae.
Still bodies of water: Algae blooms commonly occur in slow-moving or still bodies of water, such as lakes, ponds, and reservoirs, where there is little water circulation to disperse the algae.
Low dissolved oxygen levels: Algae blooms can deplete oxygen levels in the water, which can harm aquatic life. Low oxygen levels can also lead to the release of harmful toxins from algae.
The presence of green algae blooms can indicate water pollution and imbalances in the aquatic ecosystem. To address the root causes of algae blooms, it is crucial to reduce nutrient pollution, control agricultural runoff, and implement sustainable land and water management practices.