Thermoregulation:
Hippos have limited sweat glands and they don't pant efficiently. To cool off in hot African habitats, they primarily rely on the water's cooling effects. Submerging most of their body in the water helps them maintain a stable body temperature.
Protection from Predators:
The weight and size of an adult hippopotamus offer some natural protection from predators. However, spending time in water adds another layer of safety. Their natural aquatic environment and partially submerged nature make it difficult for predators like lions to effectively target them.
Buoyancy and Weight Distribution:
The water supports the weight of hippos, which can reach several tons. This makes movement easier in water compared to land, allowing them to effortlessly traverse waterways and change positions within the water body.
Feeding Behavior:
Hippos graze on short grass and vegetation near water bodies. Grasses often grow more lush and abundant in riparian habitats, which makes accessing food from water more convenient for hippos. Some even partially submerge themselves and feed underwater, but their nostrils are positioned to help them breathe comfortably above the surface.
Social Interactions:
Hippo pods, consisting of multiple individuals, often gather and interact in the water. This group behavior includes breeding, mating, and even defense against potential threats through collective protection.
Territorial Behavior:
Hippos exhibit territorial behaviors, especially in relation to water. They mark their territories and interact with other hippos to establish dominance. Water is a key part of their territory, and staying in the water helps them regulate their body temperature, engage in social interactions, and defend their territories effectively.
Energy Conservation:
Water may also assist hippos in energy conservation. They spend less energy moving in water compared to land, and they can rest partially submerged with minimal effort. This conserves energy reserves between their periods of activity and feeding.