In addition to absorbing oxygen, the gills also help to excrete carbon dioxide, which is a waste product of respiration. Carbon dioxide is released into the water as the blood flows through the gill filaments.
The gills of a rainbow trout are very efficient at absorbing oxygen from the water. This is because the gill filaments are very thin, which allows for a large surface area for the absorption of oxygen. The blood vessels in the gill filaments are also very close to the surface of the filaments, which allows for the rapid diffusion of oxygen into the blood.