What happens to the lamellae and filaments when fish is out of water?

When fish is out of water, the lamellae and filaments of its gills collapse. This is because the gills are designed to work in a water environment, and when they are exposed to air, they are no longer able to function properly. The collapse of the lamellae and filaments prevents the fish from extracting oxygen from the air, which can lead to death.

In addition to the collapse of the lamellae and filaments, fish out of water also experience a number of other physiological changes. These changes include:

* Increased mucus production: Fish produce mucus to protect their gills from damage. When they are out of water, they produce even more mucus in an attempt to keep their gills moist. This can make it difficult for them to breathe and can also obstruct their vision.

* Respiratory distress: Fish out of water experience respiratory distress because they are unable to extract oxygen from the air. This can cause them to gasp for air and to exhibit other signs of distress, such as rapid breathing and flaring of the gills.

* Organ failure: If a fish is out of water for a long period of time, it can experience organ failure. This is because the lack of oxygen can damage the fish's organs and tissues. Organ failure can lead to death.

Fish are able to survive out of water for a short period of time, but they will eventually die if they are not returned to water. The longer a fish is out of water, the more severe the damage to its gills and other organs will be.