1. Gas Exchange:
The primary function of the shark gill is to facilitate gas exchange. As water passes over the gills, the delicate gill filaments contain numerous blood vessels that allow for the exchange of gases. Oxygen from the water is absorbed into the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular respiration, is released into the water.
2. Respiration:
The gill filaments in the shark's gills are covered in tiny, ciliated cells that create a flow of water over the gills. This constant flow of water ensures a continuous supply of oxygen-rich water to the gill filaments, enabling efficient respiration.
3. Filtration:
In addition to gas exchange, the shark gill also serves as a filtration system. As water flows through the gills, it passes through specialised structures called gill rakers. These gill rakers help filter out particles such as plankton, small organisms, and debris from the water before it reaches the delicate gill filaments.
4. Osmoregulation:
Sharks, like many marine animals, face the challenge of maintaining proper salt and water balance in their bodies. The shark gill plays a role in osmoregulation, helping the shark maintain a balance of essential ions, such as sodium and chloride, between its body fluids and the surrounding seawater.
5. Sensory Functions:
Some shark gills contain sensory cells that are involved in detecting odours and tastes in the water. These sensory functions aid sharks in finding food, locating mates, and detecting potential predators or threats in their environment.
Overall, the shark gill is a remarkable organ that combines respiratory functions, filtration, osmoregulation, and sensory capabilities, allowing sharks to successfully thrive in their marine habitats.