The following factors can affect the lifespan of a goldfish:
* Species: Some goldfish species, such as the common goldfish and the comet goldfish, have shorter lifespans than other species, such as the fantail goldfish and the lionhead goldfish.
* Water quality: Goldfish need clean, well-oxygenated water to thrive. Poor water quality can shorten their lifespan.
* Diet: A healthy diet that is appropriate for the goldfish's species is essential for its long-term health. A diet that is too high in protein or fat can shorten the goldfish's lifespan.
* Temperature: Goldfish prefer water temperatures between 65-75 degrees Fahrenheit. Temperatures that are too high or too low can shorten their lifespan.
* Stress: Stress can take a toll on a goldfish's health and shorten its lifespan. Stress can be caused by a variety of factors, such as overcrowding, changes in water conditions, and harassment from other fish.
By providing your goldfish with a clean, healthy, and stress-free environment, you can help it to live a long and happy life.