1. Reduce the frequency of feeding: In the winter, koi's metabolism slows down, so they don't need to eat as frequently as they do in warmer months. Generally, you can reduce feeding to 2-3 times a week.
2. Feed smaller amounts: Koi have smaller stomachs in winter, so feed smaller amounts of food at each meal. Avoid overfeeding, as this can cause digestive problems and water quality issues.
3. Use a high-protein diet: Koi need more protein in the winter to support their immune system and maintain their body condition. Look for a food that contains at least 35% protein.
4. Avoid low-nutrition, wheat-filled diets: These diets could cause your fish to become constipated or to develop a swim bladder issue.
5. Consider using specialized winter koi food: Many koi food manufacturers offer specialized winter formulas that are designed to meet the nutritional needs of koi during this season. These foods typically have higher levels of protein and lower levels of carbohydrates.
6. Monitor water temperature: The temperature of the water should be above 45 degrees Fahrenheit before you feed your koi. If the water is too cold, koi will not digest their food properly and may become sick.
7. Avoid feeding if ice covers the pond: If the surface of the pond is completely frozen, you should stop feeding your koi. They will not be able to find the food under the ice, and attempting to do so could cause them stress.
8. Offer food slowly: In winter, koi are less active and not always quick to grab floating food. So, offer food slowly and ensure they have enough time to ingest it.
Remember, always make gradual adjustments to your koi's diet to avoid any digestive issues. Closely monitor their behavior, health, and body condition to ensure that they are getting the proper nutrition during the winter months.