- General Appearance:
- Tall, evergreen tree, typically reaching heights of 15 to 30 meters (49 to 98 feet).
- Leaves:
- Alternate, simple, leathery, and glossy.
- Ovate to elliptical in shape, with pointed tips.
- Dark green in color, with prominent veins.
- Flowers:
- Small, white, and fragrant flowers.
- Arranged in axillary or terminal panicles (clusters).
- Each flower has five petals and numerous stamens.
- Fruits:
- The fruit is a red, star-shaped pod, known as a "cola nut."
- The pod contains several white or cream-colored seeds, which are the kola nuts.
- The kola nuts are typically about 2-4 centimeters (0.8-1.6 inches) in length.
- Seeds (Kola nuts):
- The kola nuts are the edible part of the plant and are highly valued for their stimulant properties.
- They have a bitter taste and are often chewed for their stimulating effects.
- Kola nuts contain caffeine and other compounds that can provide a boost of energy and mental focus.
- Bark:
- The bark of the kola nut tree is smooth and light gray in younger trees.
- As the tree matures, the bark becomes rougher and darker in color.
- Habitat:
- Kola nut trees are native to the tropical rainforests of West Africa.
- They prefer well-drained soil and a warm, humid climate with ample rainfall.
- Reproduction:
- Kola nut trees are typically propagated through seeds, which are planted in seedbeds or containers.
- The seedlings are then transplanted to their permanent location once they have developed a strong root system.
- Pollination:
- Kola nut trees are pollinated by insects, such as bees and wasps, that are attracted to their flowers.
- The pollination process is essential for the development of the kola nuts.