Why does the electric eel produce electricity?

Electric eels produce electricity as a defense mechanism and for capturing prey. They have specialized cells called electrocytes that are stacked together in a series, forming an electric organ. When an electric eel wants to discharge electricity, it sends a nerve signal that causes the electrocytes to rapidly change their electrical potential, creating an electrical current. This current flows through the water and can stun or paralyze nearby animals, making them easier for the eel to catch and eat.

Electric eels can also use their electrical discharges for defense against predators. If a predator tries to attack an electric eel, the eel can release a powerful electric shock that can deter or even kill the attacker. This defense mechanism is particularly effective in the murky waters of the Amazon rainforest, where electric eels live, as the high conductivity of the water allows the electricity to travel farther and with more impact.